Underground mining

Inclined tunnels and intermediate levels are made as part of the development work for mining. The spaces for pumping stations, crushing plants, and the other technical facilities needed for mining operations are usually mined at the same time as the tunnels. Ventilation and extraction tunnels are mined as shafts.

Production mining is usually carried out as longhole mining under the ground and as open mining on the surface. The selection of equipment and the method of mining are made in accordance with the characteristics of the ore or the mineralization and the selected strategy for production.